Wednesday, February 21, 2007

The Quabbin Chronology: 1800 - 1899

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1801 February 18 - Dana is incorporated as a town. The town was named after Massachusetts Supreme Court Judge Francis Dana.

1801 March 17 - Dana holds first town meeting.

1803 February 7 - The Belchertown and Greenwich Turnpike Corporation is established by an act of the Massachusetts Legislature.

1804 January - The extension of the Belchertown and Greenwich Turnpike to the North Parish of Greenwich is approved by an act passed by the Massachusetts Congress

1804 February 29 - The Petersham and Monson Turnpike is established by an act of the Massachusetts Legislature. The toll road ran from the Fifth Massachusetts Turnpike in Athol to Monson, crossing the Sixth Massachusetts Turnpike west of Greenwich Village.

1808 January 30 - The Town of West Boylston is incorporated.

1808 April 14 - James Church Alvord is born in Greenwich. In his short life of 31 years, Alvord served in both houses of the Massachusetts Congress and as a U.S. Representative from the 6th District of Massachusetts. He died in Greenfield on September 27, 1839 and is buried in the Federal Street Cemetery in that town.

1811 August 21 - The Baptist Society, a religious group, is founded in Barre.

1814 April - Erastus Brigham Bigelow, inventor of weaving machines and credited with bringing prosperity to the textile industry town of Clinton, is born in West Boylston. Bigelow's carpet company slogan was: "A title on the door rates a Bigelow on the floor."

1816 February 18 - The Town of Enfield is incorporated, created from parts of the towns of Belchertown and Greenwich.

1816 March 4 - Enfield holds first town meeting.

1816 June 17 - Governor John Brooks approves act incorporating The First Baptist Society of Barre.

1820 - The town of New Salem's population peaks at 2,145, making it the largest town in Franklin County at the time. By 1900, the population is 809.

1822 January 28 - The Town of Prescott incorporated. The area was originally known as Pelham's "East Parish," and was first established in 1786.

1822 February 18 - Prescott holds its first town meeting.

1823 - First Post Office opened in Dana.

1825 January 12 - Francis Henry Underwood born in Enfield. Appointed American Consul to Glasgow in 1885, he was reappointed as Consul in 1893 by President Grover Cleveland, moving on to Edinburgh, Scotland. Underwood was also an author and biographer. He was a friend of fellow Massachusetts native, the multi-faceted James Russell Lowell, and many other famous literary figures of the day.

1825 September 29 - Death of Daniel Shays, Pelham resident and American revolutionary best known for "Shays' Rebellion," which involved a brazen assault on the Federal Armory in Springfield in January of 1787. He is buried in Springwater, NY.

1842 February 4 - Dana increases its land area, acquiring acreage from Petersham and Hardwick through an act of the Legislature.

1842 October 27 - Congregational Church is established in Shutesbury.

1846 May 19 - Death of Robert B. Thomas, West Boylston resident and originator of 'The Old Farmer's Almanac', first issued in 1792 and still published and relied upon to this day. Thomas is buried in Sterling at Legge Cemetery.

1848 October 25 - Water from Long Pond in Natick (now Lake Cochituate) flows through the fountain on Boston Common for the first time, an event much celebrated by the residents of the city.

1854 - North Dana Post Office opens.

June 1, 1855 - Dana's two piano leg factories end the fiscal year having produced 5,200 sets of piano legs and 700 sets of Melodeon legs with a total value of almost $50,000.00. The town of Prescott farmers' report the production of the astounding amount of 49,030 pounds of cheese, valued at $4,576, or $10.71 per pound.

1863 May 7 - Greenwich native General Amiel W. Whipple dies of wounds suffered in the Civil War Battle of Chancellorsville, while fighting under the command of Major General Joseph Hooker. The campaign against Confederate States forces guided by General Robert E. Lee and Major General Thomas J. Jackson lasted a week and resulted in an estimated total of 24,000 casualties.

1863 June 14 - Union Captain John G. Mudge Jr., a Petersham resident, loses part of his left ear in the Civil War battle known as the 'Siege of Port Hudson,' in Louisiana. The other thirty-three Massachusetts men he is leading don't fare as well, with only three survivors. The Union suffered 5,000 killed or wounded in the 48 day long siege, the Confederacy, 700.

1873 December 3 - Construction of the Athol and Enfield Railroad completed. The line, known affectionately to locals as the "Rabbit Run" because of it's frequent stops, was purchased by the Boston & Albany Railroad in 1880.

1888 March 12 - "The Blizzard of '88" begins, blanketing the Northeast with heavy snow and causing at least 400 deaths, half of those in New York City. Worcester received 32" of snow. As a result of the wind accompanying the storm, the streets of Northampton were buried under snowdrifts up to 8 feet high.

1889 September 19 - The Universalist Parish of North Dana is established.

1894 August 7 - Death of Francis Henry Underwood in Edinburgh, Scotland.

1895 - The Metropolitan Water District, consisting of Boston and ten other Massachusetts towns, is established by Chapter 488 of the Acts of 1895. This was the precursor to the Metropolitan District Commission. In 1895, the eleven participant towns had a total population of 750,000 and consumed 70 million gallons of water daily.

1898 March 22 - Dedication of the Universalist Church building in North Dana.

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The Quabbin Chronology Index:

Quabbin History by the Month - Same text in a January to December format.

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The Quabbin Chronology: 1900 - 1999

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1900 October 1 - Contract for building Wachusett Reservoir Dam in the town of Clinton is approved.

1901 August 22 - The town of Dana's Centennial Anniversary is celebrated.

1904 August 2 - The town of Greenwich celebrates its 150th anniversary.

1906 February 27 - Wachusett Reservoir Dam on the South Branch of Nashua River in Clinton is finished. Construction on the 114 foot high dam was begun in 1897. The Quabbin and Wachusett Reservoirs are linked by a 25 mile long aqueduct, and supply water to the residents of Boston, and many other Eastern Massachusetts cities and towns.

1908 May 10 - Wachusett Reservoir hits the high water mark for the first time. It has a surface area of 6.46 square miles and when full, holds almost 65 billion gallons. In 1908, it is the largest reservoir in the world.

1911 May 19 -Fire strikes Shutesbury's 27-year old Congregational Church.

1921 January - The Metropolitan Water and Sewer Board, headed by X. Henry Goodnough, proposes the construction of a reservoir to meet Boston's water needs to be located in the Swift River Valley.

1922 August 25 - The town of Prescott celebrates its Centennial.

1924 December 31 - The Post Office in Prescott closes.

1926 January 1 - X. Henry Goodnough's "Rainfall in New England" is published by the New England Water Works Association. Goodnough Dike in Quabbin Park was named in his honor.

1926 May 28 - The Ware River Supply Act passes Massachusetts Legislature, paving the way for construction of a 12 mile long aqueduct, known as the Wachusett-Coldbrook Tunnel connecting the Ware River to the Wachusett Reservoir.

1926 July 28 - Davis B. Keniston appointed by Governor Alvan T. Fuller as first Chairman of Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission. Joseph H. Soliday and Charles M. Davenport appointed Associate Commissioners.

1926 September 30 - Providence, Rhode Island's $21,000,000 water system declared officially operational at a ceremony in the town of Foster presided over by Mayor Joseph H. Gainer. Chief Engineer for the project, which was begun in 1915, was Frank E. Winsor who received wide praise for his engineering and management skills. Winsor was appointed Chief Engineer for the Massachusetts District Water Supply Commission the next day. His contribution to the development of the Quabbin Reservoir project was instrumental to its completion.

1926 October 1 - Frank E. Winsor appointed Chief Engineer of Quabbin project. The Winsor Dam is named in his honor. In 1892, Winsor had the distinction of receiving the first degree of Civil Engineer awarded by Brown University in Rhode Island.

1926 October 16 - Karl R. Kennison named Designing Engineer.

1926 October 27 - Harold W. Horne appointed Assistant Division Engineer.

1926 November 29 - Walton H. Sears appointed Mechanical Engineer. Frederick W. Gow named Assistant Engineer.

1926 December 1 - N. Leroy Hammond is appointed Assistant Division Engineer.

1927 March 3 - R. Nelson Molt assumes duties as Secretary of the Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission.

1927 April 1 - Walter Knowles appointed Assistant Engineer.

1927 April 26 - The Massachusetts Legislature approves the Swift River Act, funding the construction of the Quabbin Reservoir in the Swift River Valley.

1927 June 1 - N. Leroy Hammond and Harold W. Horne both promoted to Division Engineer from Assistant Division Engineer.

1927 August 1 - Richard R. Bradbury appointed Division Engineer.

1927 September - Walter E. Clark begins work as appraiser/agent for the Massachusetts District Water Supply Commission. Clark also authored "Quabbin Reservoir," a detailed account of the creation of Quabbin from an insider's point of view, published in 1946, and reissued by J.R. Greene in 1994. Greene, an accomplished author himself, is widely regarded as today's preeminent authority on Quabbin history and lore.

1927 September 26 - The Post Office in North Prescott closes its doors for the last time.

1928 January 1 - X. Henry Goodnough's "Rainfall in New England During the Storm November 3 and 4, 1927" is published by the New England Water Works Association.

1928 May 23 - Death of Division Engineer Harold W. Horne.

1928 June 24 - Last service held at the First Congregational Church in Prescott

1928 June 25 - The Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission assumes the town of Prescott's affairs through an act of the Massachusetts Legislature. The Commission's Agents are Frank R. Allen and Walter M. Waugh, with Fred W. Doubleday acting as Superintendent of Streets.

1928 July 9 - William W. Peabody is named Division Engineer. Peabody previously worked with Quabbin Chief Engineer Frank E. Winsor on the Scituate Reservoir project in Rhode Island.

1928 September 6 - Stanley M. Dore appointed Assistant Engineer.

1929 June 1 - Death of Walter Knowles, Assistant Engineer.

1929 October 29 - The stock market crashes on a day that would become known to history as "Black Tuesday" and which signalled the beginning of the "Great Depression."

1931 March - The aqueduct connecting the Ware River and Wachusett Reservoir is completed.

1931 July 29 - Joseph H. Soliday ends tenure as Associate Commissioner of MDWSC. Thomas D. Lavelle assumes Associate Commissioner position.

1933 March 31 - The Civilian Conservation Corps is created as a result of the Reforestation Relief Act. The Corps was also referred to as the "3 Cs"

1934 September 26 - Karl R. Kennison promoted from Designing Engineer to Assistant Chief Engineer. After Quabbin, he would go on to run the New York City water system.

1934 December 27 - Davis B. Keniston ends tenure as Chairman of Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission.

1934 December 28 - Eugene C. Hultman takes over as Chairman of MDWSC, replacing Davis B. Keniston.

1935 June 1 - The Athol and Enfield Railroad, known as the "Rabbit Run" because of its frequent stops, reaches the end of the track, ceasing operations. It had been a division of the Boston and Albany Railroad system since 1880.

1935 November 1 - Stanley M. Dore becomes Associate Civil Engineer, promoted from Assistant Engineer. Frederick W. Gow is also promoted from Assistant Engineer, to Senior Civil Engineer.

1935 December 16 - Richard R. Bradbury becomes Senior Civil Engineer.

1936 March 31 - Richard R. Bradbury ends tenure as Senior Civil Engineer.

1936 August 2 - The Congregational Church in Enfield burns under suspicious circumstances. It was built in 1787. It is widely believed that the fire was caused by "Woodpeckers," men from out of town hired to work on the Quabbin project felling trees Most had little or no experience and the majority received their jobs as a result of the cronyism and graft prevelant in Boston at the time.

1936 August 12 - Charles M. Davenport ends as Associate Commissioner on the Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission.

1936 August 13 - Edward J. Kelley appointed Associate Commissioner of MDWSC.

1936 October 31 - N. Leroy Hammond ends service as Division Engineer.

1937 May 6 - The Hindenburg bursts into flames while attempting to moor in Lakehurst, NJ, resulting in the deaths of 36 out of 97 passengers and crew members, including one Navy Linesman in the ground crew.

1938 February 14 - Greenwich has its last town meeting. This date is taken from Walter E. Clarke's book "Quabbin Reservoir," and differs from the date of April 21, 1938 given by the author J.R. Greene in his book "The Day Four Quabbin Towns Died."

1938 March 7 - Dana holds its last town meeting.

1938 March 25 - Enfield Town Hall serves as site of town's farewell gathering.

1938 March 28 - Final plans are filed by the Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission for the massive land-taking required for the creation of Quabbin. In all, 117 square miles become watershed property.

1938 April 8 - Enfield's last town meeting is held.

1938 April 11 - Enfield Fire Department meets to plan the Farewell Ball, 16 days away. A Ball had been held annually in Enfield since 1901.

1938 April 12 - Last meeting of the womans group, the Quabbin Club of Enfield. The club had been established around the turn of the century.

1938 April 21 - Greenwich has its last town meeting. This date is taken from J.R. Greene's book "The Day Four Quabbin Towns Died," and differs from author and MDWSC employee Walter E. Clarke's account in his book "Quabbin Reservoir," which records the date of the last town meeting as February 14, 1938.

1938 April 26 - Governor Charles F. Hurley signs Chapter 240 of the Acts and Resolves of April 26, 1938, passed earlier by the Massachusetts General Court, annexing the towns of Dana, Prescott, Greenwich and Enfield to surrounding towns, effectively ending their existence on April 28, 1938 at 12:01 A.M.

1938 April 27 - Enfield Fire Department hosts a Farewell Ball at the Town Hall. Enfield was reported to have been inundated with a crowd of three thousand people that evening, although one thousand was the maximum that could fit in the Hall. McNelly's Orchestra performed, playing "Auld Lang Syne" at the stroke of midnight for the emotional, yet subdued residents of the four now defunct towns. The cost to attend the affair was one dollar.

1938 April 28 - The towns of Enfield, Greenwich, Dana and Prescott cease to exist.

1938 April 28 - Fire consumes 250 acres in Greenwich before it is contained.

1938 May 11 - A farewell gathering is held in Moore's Hall in the village of Millington.

1938 June 14 - Final ceremony for grade school graduates at Greenwich's school.

1938 June 15 - Smallest graduating class in the history of the school of the Town of Dana. Three pupils participate in commencement ceremonies, with the double distinction of being the school's last graduating class.

1938 June 16 - Greenwich Grange #245, established in 1905, ended its charter. The Enfield Grange ended its charter at the same meeting, which had to be held in the Enfield Town Hall rather than the Grange Hall due to overwhelming attendance, reported to be upwards of 300 people.

1938 June 22 - Enfield holds last school commencement ceremony, with seven students graduating.

1938 July 30 - Last service at the Congregational Church, Dana Center.

1938 September 10 - Massachusetts Water District Supply Commission holds an auction of items it holds in the Quabbin Valley, from books to buildings. It is held in the Enfield Town Hall, which itself was sold that day for $550.00, a high price in comparison to the Enfield Grange Hall, which sold for the paltry sum of $35.00.

1938 September 21 - Devastating hurricane hits New England, resulting in thousands of trees down and millions of board feet of lumber lost in the Quabbin area. The water level at the Winsor Dam rises fifteen feet.

1938 October 10 - Frederick W. Gow advances from Senior Civil Engineer to Division Engineer.

1938 October 30 - Thousands of Americans panic when Orson Welle's "War of the Worlds" is broadcast on the Mercury Theater radio program , believing that the country is under attack from Martian invaders.

1938 December 28 - Contract for the manufacture of three miles of precast pipe to be used to connect the Wachusett and the Norumbega Reservoirs is awarded. The pressure aqueduct begins in Marlborough and ends in Weston.

1939 January 14 - The Enfield Post Office closes, having served the town for 116 years.

1939 January 30 - Death of Frank E. Winsor, highly-regarded original Chief Engineer of the Massachusetts District Water Supply Commission and head of the Quabbin Reservoir project. Winsor died while testifying in a court case.

1939 March 9 - Karl R. Kennison takes helm as Chief Engineer of project after the death of Frank E. Winsor. Stanley M. Dore replaces him as Assistant Chief Engineer.

1939 August 14 - The flooding of the Quabbin Valley commences.

1940 March 21 - Quabbin receives first flow of water from Ware River diversion.

1940 October 23 - Governor Leverett Saltonstall opens Quabbin's tap to Eastern Massachusetts residents at a ceremony at the Norumbega Reservoir in Weston. The dedication was also attended by Boston Mayor Maurice J. Tobin, who would himself become Governor in 1945.

1941 June 17 - Frank E. Winsor Memorial dedicated at Quabbin Park. Winsor was Chief Engineer of the massive undertaking of the creation of Quabbin reservoir until his death in 1939. He was also President of the Providence Engineering Society from 1921-1922.

1941 August 13 - Thomas D. Lavelle ends tenure as Associate Commissioner of MDWSC.

1941 August 14 - Charles H. Brown appointed Associate Commissioner of MDWSC.

1941 September 17 - Water begins to flow through the aqueduct connecting Quabbin with Wachuset Reservoir for the first time.

1941 September 18 - The Quabbin Reservoir officially comes online when Mrs. Eugene Hultman, wife of the MDWSC chairman, ceremoniously opens the spigot.

1944 December 15 - William W. Peabody ends service as Division Engineer.

1945 June - W.M. Morrisey is appointed Chairman of Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission by Governor Maurice J. Tobin.

1946 June 22 - Quabbin is filled to capacity, an astounding 412 billion gallons, for the first time. By the year 2005, the reservoir quenches the thirst of over 2.2 million people in eastern Massachusetts daily.

1946 July 5 - Shore fishing is first allowed.

1952 May 27 - Boat fishing is first allowed at Quabbin Reservoir.

1982 July 29 - American Bald Eagles released on Prescott Peninsula. Eagles are now fairly common sights at Quabbin.

1984 June 1 - Quabbin at highest recorded level, 103% full.

1984 December 7 - The Quabbin Visitor Center, located in the Administration Building at Quabbin Park in Ware, is opened. The Friends of Quabbin, Inc. is the organization instrumental to the Center's existence.

1985 July 1 - The Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), established by the state legislature's Water Resources Act of 1984, takes over management of water distribution and sewer systems.

1987 October 8 - To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the destruction of Dana, Prescott, Enfield and Greenwich for the creation of the Quabbin Reservoir, Governor Michael Dukakis declares 1988 a "Year of Remembrance."

1988 April 27 - 50th Anniversary "Remembrance Ball" is held at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst as part of year-long commemoration.

1988 June 16 - The Frank E. Winsor Memorial is rededicated as part of 50th anniversary of Quabbin commemoration.

1988 August 21 - Dana Common is the site of a ceremony commemorating the anniversary of the centennial of the Town of Dana, which was actually in 1901. This is one of the "Year of Remembrance" events scheduled to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the four Quabbin towns' demise.

1988 October 8 - Time capsule interred at Quabbin Park Cemetary as part of 50th anniversary commemoration events. If all goes well, it will be dug up in the year 2038.

1988 November 3 - "Quabbin - A Musical" produced by the Ware Community Theater with the backing of the group The Friends of Quabbin debuts at the Ware High School Auditorium. Written by Dorothy A. Johnson and Steven Schoenberg of New Salem and directed by Nancy Howe Hyde, the musical depicts the final days of fictitious North Village and how the residents deal with the loss of their homes and town.

1990 December - Legislation passes allowing for the thinning of the deer herd in The Quabbin Watershed.

1991 August 20 - Opponents of the first planned deer hunt on Quabbin land, scheduled for December 2, 1991, file an injunction in U.S. District Court in Boston, ultimately failing in their bid to stop the hunt.

1991 December 2 - The first controlled deer hunt on Quabbin takes place in Pelham amidst protests from animal rights activists.

1997 April - Wildlife tracker John McCarter finds scat near animal remains and a cached beaver while hiking the western side of Quabbin that is later confirmed through DNA testing by two different wildlife biologists to have come from a cougar, also known as a mountain lion. The last mountain lion recorded in Massachusetts was in 1858, in Hampshire County. MassWildlife biologists confirm the results, but speculate that the scat was left by a lion that had been released from captivity.

1998 February 12 - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency attempts through court injunction to require the construction of a filtration plant to treat the water drawn from Wachusett Reservoir. The MWRA and Metropolitan District Commission (MDC) are reprieved in a decision recorded May 5, 2000 in the United States District Court in Massachusetts.

1988 August 19 - Approximately 7,000 rainbow trout perish at McLaughlin Fish Hatchery in Belchertown when water temperature climbs from 58 to 78 degrees in a five hour span.

1999 July 29 - The depths of Quabbin are explored for the first time since its construction by a dive team led by explorers (UMass Emeritus Professor of Biology) Ed and Libby Klekowski (website), with the assistance of the Massachusetts State Police. The team made some surprising underwater discoveries, including old gravestones stacked as though about to be moved, and the North Dana town dump, which was more than likely still covered when the filling of the reservoir began. The last dive by the team was September 29, 1999. A video, "Under Quabbin," containing amazing and unique footage taken during the dives, was produced by the Klekowskis and chronicles their underwater adventure. It is interesting to note that the local PBS television station, WGBY, often uses "Under Quabbin" as an audience draw during its "pledge week," attesting to the video's popularity and the local interest it generates.

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The Quabbin Chronology Index:

Quabbin History by the Month - Same text in a January to December format.

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The Quabbin Chronology: 2000 - 2999

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2001 January 26 - A Fitchburg pilot lands his small plane on the cold Quabbin ice, ending up in hot water with the law. The plane was stuck on the slushy surface for four days before being removed.

2001 May 9 - Frederick A. Laskey is named Executive Director of the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority.

2001 September 11 - Quabbin Reservoir is locked-down and secured by State Police and National Guard troops as a precautionary measure after horrific terrorist attacks on the United States kill thousands.

2002 May 6 - Portions of Quabbin closed to the public in the wake of the 9-11 attacks are reopened, including Gates 43a-50. Traffic patterns in Quabbin Park were changed in the interest of safety. Vehicles are no longer allowed access to the Winsor Dam or the Goodnough Dike.

2002 September 11 - State Police patrols are beefed up at Quabbin as a protective measure on the first anniversary of the worst terrorist attacks on American soil.

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The Quabbin Chronology Index:

Quabbin History by the Month - Same text in a January to December format.

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Quabbin History by the Month

Basically the same text you'll find in The Quabbin Chronology: A Timeline of the Swift River Valley, which progresses by year, the following might be interesting to folks who'd like to explore Quabbin history as it occurred month-by-month, January to December. Entries are ordered beginning with the earliest date of each month, except in cases in which only the month and year are known, those entries always coming first.

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January

January 1804 - The extension of the Belchertown and Greenwich Turnpike to the North Parish of Greenwich is approved by an act passed by the Massachusetts Congress.

January 1921 - The Metropolitan Water and Sewer Board, headed by X. Henry Goodnough, proposes the construction of a reservoir to meet Boston's water needs to be located in the Swift River Valley.

January 1, 1926 - X. Henry Goodnough's 'Rainfall in New England' is published by the New England Water Works Association. Goodnough Dike in Quabbin Park was named in his honor.

January 1, 1928 - X. Henry Goodnough's 'Rainfall in New England During the Storm November 3 and 4, 1927' is published by the New England Water Works Association.

January 10, 1737 - The Town of Hardwick settled. Formerly known as Lambstown after John Lamb, one of the men who bought the land from the Indians for twenty English pounds in 1686, the Indian name was 'Wombemesisecook.' Hardwick was incorporated in 1739.

January 12, 1825 - Frances Henry Underwood born in Enfield. Appointed American Consul to Glasgow in 1885, he was reappointed as Consul in 1893 by President Grover Cleveland, moving on to Edinburgh, Scotland. Underwood was also an author and biographer. He was a friend of fellow Massachusetts native, the multi-faceted James Russell Lowell, and many other famous literary figures of the day.

January 14, 1736 - A land grant of 1,000 acres for the creation of the Quabbin territory is approved by the Massachusetts General Court.

January 14, 1939 - The Enfield Post Office closes, having served the town for 116 years.

January 15, 1743 - The Town of Pelham is incorporated.

January 25, 1787 - The battle at the Springfield Armory during 'Shays's Rebellion,' led by Pelham resident and distinguished Revolutionary War Captain Daniel Shays, is fought. Three of Shays's men are killed.

January 26, 2001 - A Fitchburg pilot lands his small plane on the cold Quabbin ice, ending up in hot water with the law. The plane was stuck on the slushy surface for four days before being removed.

January 27, 1739 - The Town of Hardwick, comprised of the villages of Wheelwright, Gilbertville, Old Furnace and the Center, is incorporated. The Town of Holden is also incorporated on this day.

January 28, 1787 - Daniel Shays' army sets up camp in Pelham on their retreat from the Massachusetts militia in the final days of 'Shays's Rebellion.'

January 28, 1822 - The Town of Prescott incorporated. The area was originally known as Pelham's 'East Parish,' and was first established in 1786.

January 30, 1808 - The Town of West Boylston is incorporated.

January 30, 1939 - Death of Frank E. Winsor, highly-regarded original Chief Engineer of the Massachusetts District Water Supply Commission and head of the Quabbin Reservoir project. Winsor died while testifying in a court case.

January 31, 1751 - The Town of New Braintree is incorporated. The Indian name for the area was 'Winimisset.' It was originally known to settlers as 'Braintree Farms.'

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February

February 4, 1787 - 'Shays' Rebellion' ends with Pelham resident Daniel Shays' and his mens' defeat in Petersham by General Benjamin Lincoln's militia, who manage to surprise the group while they are preparing breakfast. Shays and some of his men escaped to Vermont, and were assisted by the patriot Ethan Allen, among others. Shays was later pardoned by Governor John Hancock.

February 4, 1842 - Dana increases its land area, acquiring acreage from Petersham and Hardwick through an act of the Legislature.

February 7, 1803 - 'The Belchertown and Greenwich Turnpike Corporation' is established by an act of the Massachusetts Legislature.

February 12, 1998 - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency attempts through court injunction to require the construction of a filtration plant to treat the water drawn from Wachusett Reservoir. The MWRA and Metropolitan District Commission (MDC) are reprieved in a decision recorded May 5, 2000 in the United States District Court in Massachusetts.

February 14, 1938 - Greenwich has its last town meeting. This date is taken from Walter E. Clarke's book 'Quabbin Reservoir,' and differs from the date of April 21, 1938 given by the author J.R. Greene in his book 'The Day Four Quabbin Towns Died.'

February 15, 1816 - The Town of Enfield is incorporated, created from parts of the towns of Belchertown and Greenwich.

February 18, 1801 - Dana is incorporated as a town.

February 18, 1822 - Prescott holds its first town meeting.

February 25, 1795 - New Salem Academy is established by legislative act. The school closes its doors in 1968.

February 27, 1906 - Wachusett Reservoir Dam on South Branch of Nashua River in Clinton is finished. Construction on the 114 foot high dam was begun in 1897. The Quabbin and Wachuset Reservoirs are linked by a 25 mile long aqueduct, and supply water to the residents of Boston, and other Massachusetts cities and towns.

February 29, 1804 - 'The Petersham and Monson Turnpike' is established by an act of the Massachusetts Legislature. The toll road ran from the Fifth Massachusetts Turnpike in Athol to Monson, crossing the Sixth Massachusetts Turnpike west of Greenwich Village.

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March

March 1931 - The aqueduct connecting the Ware River and Wachusett Reservoir is completed.

March 3, 1927 - R. Nelson Molt assumes duties as Secretary of the Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission.

March 4, 1816 - Enfield holds first town meeting.

March, 7, 1938 - Dana holds its last town meeting.

March 9, 1939- Karl R. Kennison takes helm as Chief Engineer of project after the death of Frank E. Winsor. Stanley M. Dore replaces him as Assistant Chief Engineer.

March 17, 1801 - Dana holds first town meeting.

March 21, 1940 - Quabbin receives first flow of water from Ware River diversion.

March 22, 1898 - Dedication of the Universalist Church building in North Dana.

March 28, 1938 - Final plans are filed by the Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission for the massive land-taking required for the creation of Quabbin. In all, 117 square miles become watershed property.

March 25, 1938 - Enfield Town Hall serves as site of town's farewell gathering.

March 31, 1933 - The Civilian Conservation Corps is created as a result of the Reforestation Relief Act. The Corps was also referred to as the "3 Cs"

March 31, 1936 - Richard R. Bradbury ends tenure as Senior Civil Engineer.

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April

April 1814 - Erastus Brigham Bigelow, inventor of weaving machines and credited with bringing prosperity to the textile industry town of Clinton, is born in West Boylston. Bigelow's carpet company slogan was: "A title on the door rates a Bigelow on the floor."

April 1997 - Wildlife tracker John McCarter finds scat near animal remains and a cached beaver while hiking the western side of Quabbin that is later confirmed through DNA testing by two different wildlife biologists to have come from a cougar, also known as a mountain lion. The last mountain lion recorded in Massachusetts was in 1858, in Hampshire County. MassWildlife biologists confirm the results, but speculate that the scat was left by a lion that had been released from captivity.

April 1, 1927 - Walter Knowles appointed Assistant Engineer.

April 8, 1938 - Enfield's last town meeting is held.

April 11, 1938 - Enfield Fire Department meets to plan Farewell Ball, 16 days away. A Ball had been held annually in Enfield since 1901.

April 12, 1938 - Last meeting of the womans group, the Quabbin Club of Enfield. The club had been established around the turn of the century.

April 14, 1755 - Four year-old Lucy Keyes mysteriously disappears in the Princeton woods while on her way to Wachusett Lake with her sisters. It's said that Lucy's mother Martha wandered the forest every night fruitlessly calling Lucy's name until her death in 1786. A reclusive neighbor later admitted to the killing in a pang of death-bed conscience. Legend has it that if the conditions are just right, you can still hear Martha Keyes calling plaintively for her lost little girl in the Mount Wachusett woods after dark.

April 14, 1808 - James Church Alvord born in Greenwich. In his short life of 31 years, Alvord served in both houses of the Massachusetts Congress and as a U.S. Representative from the 6th District of Massachusetts. He died in Greenfield on September 27, 1839 and is buried in the Federal Street Cemetery in that town.

April 20, 1754 - The Towns of Petersham and Greenwich are incorporated. Greenwich was originally referred to as Narragansett Township #4 and was first established by settlers from Northern Ireland. Early Petersham residents were reported to have been bothered by the rattlesnakes and wolves they encountered in their new environment.

April 21, 1938 - Greenwich has its last town meeting. This date is taken from J.R. Greene's book 'The Day Four Quabbin Towns Died,' and differs from author and MDWSC employee Walter E. Clarke's account in his book 'Quabbin Reservoir,' which records the date of the last town meeting as February 14, 1938.

April 24, 1771 - The Town of Princeton is incorporated.

April 26, 1927 - The Massachusetts Legislature approves the Swift River Act, funding the construction of the Quabbin Reservoir in the Swift River Valley.

April 26, 1938 - Governor Charles F. Hurley signs the bill annexing the towns of Dana, Prescott, Greenwich and Enfield to surrounding towns, effectively ending their existence on April 28, 1938 at 12:01 A.M.

April 27, 1938 - Enfield Fire Department hosts a Farewell Ball at the Town Hall. Enfield was reported to have been inundated with a crowd of three thousand people that evening, although one thousand was the maximum that could fit in the Hall. McNelly's Orchestra performed, playing 'Auld Lang Syne' at the stroke of midnight for the emotional, yet subdued residents of the four now defunct towns. The cost to attend the affair was one dollar.

April 27, 1988 - 50th Anniversary 'Remembrance Ball' held at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst as part of year-long commemoration.

April 28, 1938 - The towns of Enfield, Greenwich, Dana and Prescott cease to exist.

April 28, 1938 - Fire consumes 250 acres in Greenwich before it is contained.

* * *

May

May 6, 2002 - Portions of Quabbin closed to the public in the wake of the 9-11 attacks are reopened, including Gates 43a-50. Traffic patterns in Quabbin Park were changed in the interest of safety. Vehicles are no longer allowed access to the Winsor Dam or the Goodnough Dike.

May 7, 1863 - Greenwich native General Amiel W. Whipple dies of wounds suffered in the Civil War Battle of Chancellorsville, while fighting under the command of Major General Joseph Hooker. The campaign against Confederate States forces guided by General Robert E. Lee and Major General Thomas J. Jackson lasted a week and resulted in an estimated total of 24,000 casualties.

May 8, 1781 - The Town of Wendell is incorporated.

May 9, 2001 - Frederick A. Laskey is named Executive Director of the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority.

May 10, 1908 - Wachusett Reservoir hits high water mark for the first time. It has a surface area of 6.46 square miles and when full, holds almost 65 billion gallons. In 1908, it is the largest reservoir in the world.

May 19, 1846 - Death of Robert B. Thomas, West Boylston resident and originator of 'The Old Farmer's Almanac,' first issued in 1792 and still published and relied upon to this day. Thomas is buried in Sterling at Legge Cemetery.

May 19, 1911 -Fire strikes Shutesbury's 27-year old Congregational Church.

May 23, 1928 - Death of Division Engineer Harold W. Horne.

May 27, 1952 - Boat fishing is first allowed at Quabbin Reservoir.

May 28, 1926 - The Ware River Supply Act passes Massachusetts Legislature, paving the way for construction of a 12 mile long aqueduct, known as the Wachusett-Coldbrook Tunnel connecting the Ware River to the Wachusett Reservoir.

* * *

June

June 1945 - W.M. Morrisey is appointed Chairman of Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission by Governor Maurice J. Tobin.

June 1, 1927 - N. Leroy Hammond and Harold W. Horne both promoted to Division Engineer from Assistant Division Engineer.

June 1, 1929 - Death of Walter Knowles, Assistant Engineer.

June 1, 1935 - The Athol and Enfield Railroad, known as the 'rabbit run' because of its frequent stops, reaches the end of the track, ceasing operations. It had been a division of the Boston and Albany Railroad system since 1880.

June 1, 1984 - Quabbin at highest recorded level, 103% full.

June 11, 1762 - The Town of Oakham is incorporated.

June 13, 1767 - Hubbardston is incorporated as a town.

June 13, 1788 - Daniel Shays is pardoned for his part in 'Shays' Rebellion' by Governor John Hancock. The Pelham resident later moves to New York where he resides until his death on September 29, 1825. He is buried in Springwater, NY.

June 14, 1863 - Union Captain John G. Mudge Jr., a Petersham resident, loses part of his left ear in the Civil War battle known as the 'Siege of Port Hudson,' in Louisiana. The other thirty-three Massachusetts' men he is leading don't fare as well, with only three survivors. The Union suffered 5,000 killed or wounded in the 48 day long seige, the Confederacy, 700.

June 14, 1938 - Final ceremony for grade school graduates at Greenwich's school.

June 15, 1938 - Smallest graduating class in the history of the school of the Town of Dana. Three pupils participate in commencement ceremonies, with the double distinction of being the school's last graduating class.

June 16, 1788 - Part of Belchertown annexed to the town of Pelham.

June 16, 1938 - Greenwich Grange #245, established in 1905, ended its charter. The Enfield Grange ended its charter at the same meeting, which had to be held in the Enfield Town Hall rather than the Grange Hall due to overwhelming attendance, reported to be upwards of 300 people.

June 16, 1988 - Frank E. Winsor Memorial rededicated as part of 50th anniversary of Quabbin commemoration.

June 17, 1816 - Governor John Brooks approves act incorporating 'The First Baptist Society of Barre.'

June 17, 1941 - Frank E. Winsor Memorial dedicated at Quabbin Park. Winsor was Chief Engineer of the massive undertaking of the creation of Quabbin reservoir until his death in 1939. He was also President of the Providence Engineering Society from 1921-1922.

June 18, 1722 - Rutland is incorporated as a town.

June 22, 1771 - Part of Belchertown annexed to the town of Greenwich.

June 20, 1787 - South Parish of Greenwich incorporated.

June 22, 1799 - 'The Sixth Massachusetts Turnpike Corporation' is established by an act of the Massachusetts Legislature. The road began in Amherst and ended in Shrewsbury.

June 22, 1938 - Enfield holds last school commencement ceremony, with seven students graduating.

June 22, 1946 - Quabbin is filled to capacity, an astounding 412 billion gallons, for the first time. By the year 2005, the reservoir quenches the thirst of over 2.2 million people in eastern Massachusetts daily.

June 25, 1928 - The Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission assumes the town of Prescott's affairs through an act of the Massachusetts Legislature. The Commission's Agents are Frank R. Allen and Walter M. Waugh, with Fred W. Doubleday acting as Superintendent of Streets.

June 24, 1928 - Last service held at the First Congregational Church in Prescott.

June 29, 1749 - The Parish of Quabbin is incorporated.

June 30, 1761 - The Town of Shutesbury, named for Governor Samuel Shute, is incorporated. Belchertown was also incorporated on this day, but was known then as Belcher's Town in honor of Governor Jonathan Belcher. Before that it had been called 'Cold Spring.'

* * *

July

July 1731 - First settlement in Belchertown, known then as 'Cold Spring.' By 1740, 20 families called the area home.

July 1, 1985 - The Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), established by the state legislature's Water Resources Act of 1984, takes over management of water distribution and sewer systems.

July 5, 1946 - Shore fishing first allowed.

July 9, 1928 - William W. Peabody named Division Engineer. Peabody previously worked with Quabbin Chief Engineer Frank E. Winsor on the Scituate Reservoir project in Rhode Island.

July 28, 1926 - Davis B. Keniston appointed by Governor Alvan T. Fuller as first Chairman of Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission. Joseph H. Soliday and Charles M. Davenport appointed Associate Commissioners.

July 29, 1931 - Joseph H. Soliday ends tenure as Associate Commissioner of MDWSC. Thomas D. Lavelle assumes Associate Commissioner position.

July 29, 1982 - American Bald Eagles released on Prescott Peninsula. Eagles are now fairly common sights at Quabbin.

July 29, 1999 - The depths of Quabbin are explored for the first time since its construction by a dive team led by explorers (UMass Emeritus Professor of Biology) Ed and Libby Klekowski (website), with the assistance of the Massachusetts State Police. The team made some surprising underwater discoveries, including old gravestones stacked as though about to be moved, and the North Dana town dump, which was more than likely still covered when the filling of the reservoir began. The last dive by the team was September 29, 1999. A video, "Under Quabbin," containing amazing and unique footage taken during the dives, was produced by the Klekowskis and chronicles their underwater adventure. It is interesting to note that the local PBS television station, WGBY, often uses "Under Quabbin" as an audience draw during its "pledge week," attesting to the video's popularity and the local interest it generates.

July 30, 1938 - Last service at the Congregational Church, Dana Center.

* * *

August

August 1, 1927 - Richard R. Bradbury appointed Division Engineer.

August 2, 1676 - Eight men are killed and three wounded in an Indian skirmish in the town of New Braintree.

August 2, 1904 - Greenwich celebrates 150th anniversary.

August 2, 1936 - The Congregational Church in Enfield burns under suspicious circumstances. It was built in 1787.

August 7, 1894 - Death of Frances Henry Underwood in Edinburgh, Scotland.

August 12, 1936 - Charles M. Davenport ends as Associate Commissioner on the Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission.

August 13, 1936 - Edward J. Kelley appointed Associate Commissioner of MDWSC.

August 13, 1941 - Thomas D. Lavelle ends tenure as Associate Commissioner of MDWSC.

August 14, 1723 - A man and two boys are slain, and two other boys are taken hostage when five Indians raid the town of Rutland.

August 14, 1939 - The flooding of the Quabbin Valley commences.

August 14, 1941 - Charles H. Brown appointed Associate Commissioner of MDWSC.

August 15, 1754 - Greenwich holds its first town meeting.

August 19, 1988 - Approximately 7,000 rainbow trout perish at McLaughlin Fish Hatchery in Belchertown when water temperature climbs from 58 to 78 degrees in a five hour span.

August 20, 1991 - Opponents of the first scheduled deer hunt on Quabbin land, scheduled for December 2, 1991, file an injunction in U.S. District Court in Boston, ultimately failing in their bid to stop the hunt.

August 21, 1811 - 'The Baptist Society,' a religious group, is founded in Barre.

August 21, 1988 - Dana Common is the site of a ceremony commemorating the anniversary of the centennial of the Town of Dana, which was actually in 1901. This is one of the 'Year of Remembrance' events scheduled to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the four Quabbin towns' demise.

August 22, 1901 - The town's Centennial Anniversary is celebrated in Dana.

August 23, 1775 - The Town of New Salem is incorporated.

August 25, 1922 - Prescott celebrates its Centennial.

August 29, 1786 - 'Shays' Rebellion' begins. The Northampton courthouse is taken over by 1,500 men bearing arms, led by Daniel Shays of Pelham. A similar scene unfolds at the courthouse in Worcester a month later. The writing of the United States Constitution was a direct result of these acts of civil disobedience.

* * *

September

September 1927 - Walter E. Clark begins work as appraiser/agent for the Massachusetts District Water Supply Commission. Clark also authored 'Quabbin Reservoir,' a detailed account of the creation of Quabbin from an insider's point of view, published in 1946, and reissued by J.R. Greene in 1994. Greene, an accomplished author himself, is widely regarded as today's preeminent authority on Quabbin history and lore.

September 6, 1928 - Stanley M. Dore appointed Assistant Engineer.

September 10, 1799 - First meeting of 'The Sixth Massachusetts Turnpike Corporation' held in Hardwick at the home of Jonathan Warner. The turnpike began in Amherst and ended in Shrewsbury.

September 10, 1938 - Massachusetts Water District Supply Commission holds an auction of items it holds in the Quabbin Valley, from books to buildings. It is held in the Enfield Town Hall, which itself was sold that day for $550.00, a high price in comparison to the Enfield Grange Hall, which sold for the paltry sum of $35.00.

September 11, 2001 - Quabbin Reservoir is locked-down and secured by State Police and National Guard troops as a precautionary measure after horrific terrorist attacks on the United States.

September 11, 2002 - State Police patrols are beefed up at Quabbin as a protective measure on the first anniversary of the worst terrorist attack on American soil.

September 17, 1941 - Water begins to flow through the aqueduct connecting Quabbin with Wachuset Reservoir for the first time.

September 19, 1889 - The Universalist Parish of North Dana is established.

September 21, 1938 - Devastating hurricane hits New England, resulting in thousands of trees down and millions of board feet of lumber lost in the Quabbin area. The water level at the Winsor Dam rises fifteen feet.

September 26, 1927 - The Post Office in North Prescott closes its doors for the last time.

September 26, 1934 - Karl R. Kennison promoted from Designing Engineer to Assistant Chief Engineer. After Quabbin, he would go on to run the New York City water system.

September 29, 1825 - Death of Daniel Shays, Pelham resident and American revolutionary best known for 'Shays's Rebellion,' which involved a brazen assault on the Federal Armory in Springfield in January of 1787. He is buried in Springwater, NY.

September 30, 1926 - Providence, Rhode Island's $21,000,000 water system declared officially operational at a ceremony in the town of Foster presided over by Mayor Joseph H. Gainer. Chief Engineer for the project, which was begun in 1915, was Frank E. Winsor who received wide praise for his engineering and management skills. Winsor was appointed Chief Engineer for the Massachusetts District Water Supply Commission the next day. His contribution to the development of the Quabbin Reservoir project was instrumental to its completion.

* * *

October

October 1, 1900 - Contract for building Wachusett Reservoir Dam in the town of Clinton is approved.

October 1, 1926 - Frank E. Winsor appointed Chief Engineer of project. The Winsor Dam is named in his honor. In 1892, Winsor had the distinction of receiving the first degree of Civil Engineer awarded by Brown University in Rhode Island.

October 4, 1763 - James Fisk is born in Greenwich. Fisk was elected to the Massachusetts Legislature at the young age of 21. He later moved to Vermont, where he continued his political career. He served in several capacities including as Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont and as a U.S. Senator. He died on November 17, 1844 at the age of 81. He is buried at Church Street Cemetery in Swanton, VT.

October 8, 1987 - To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the destruction of Dana, Prescott, Enfield and Greenwich for the creation of the Quabbin Reservoir, Governor Michael Dukakis declares 1988 a 'Year of Remembrance.'

October 8, 1988 - Time capsule interred at Quabbin Park Cemetary as part of 50th anniversary commemoration events. If all goes well, it will be dug up in the year 2038.

October 10 ,1938 - Frederick W. Gow advances from Senior Civil Engineer to Division Engineer.

October 20, 1759 - Princeton is established as a district.

October 16, 1926 - Karl R. Kennison named Designing Engineer.

October 23, 1940 - Governor Leverett Saltonstall opens Quabbin's tap to Eastern Massachusetts residents at a ceremony at the Norumbega Reservoir in Weston. The dedication was also attended by Boston Mayor Maurice J. Tobin, who would himself become Governor in 1945.

October 25, 1777 - One-thousand Hessian soldiers, captured at Saratoga, NY, pass through the village of North New Salem on their way to Boston during the Revolutionary War.

October 25, 1848 - Water from Long Pond in Natick (now Lake Cochituate) flows through the fountain on Boston Common for the first time, an event much celebrated by the residents of the city.

October 27, 1842 - Congregational Church is established in Shutesbury.

October 27, 1926 - Harold W. Horne appointed Assistant Division Engineer.

October 31, 1936 - N. Leroy Hammond ends service as Division Engineer.

* * *

November

November 1, 1687 - Shutesbury resident Ephraim Pratt is born in Sudbury. Pratt died in the Spring of 1804 at the ripe old age of 116. It is claimed that at the time of his death his descendants numbered around 1,500.

November 1, 1935 - Stanley M. Dore becomes Associate Civil Engineer, promoted from Assistant Engineer. Frederick W. Gow is also promoted from Assistant Engineer, to Senior Civil Engineer.

November 3, 1988 - 'Quabbin - A Musical' produced by the Ware Community Theater with the backing of the group The Friends of Quabbin debuts at the Ware High School Auditorium. Written by Dorothy A. Johnson and Steven Schoenberg of New Salem and directed by Nancy Howe Hyde, the musical depicts the final days of fictitious North Village and how the residents deal with the loss of their homes and town.

November 17, 1736 - The first Church is established in Hardwick, with Rev. David White serving as minister.

November 25, 1761 - The Town of Ware is incorporated.

November 29, 1926 - Walton H. Sears appointed Mechanical Engineer. Frederick W. Gow named Assistant Engineer.

* * *

December

December 1738 - The first Church is organized in Petersham. The Rev. Aaron Whitney was the original Minister.

December 1990 - Legislation passes allowing for the thinning of the deer herd in The Quabbin Watershed.

December 1, 1926 - N. Leroy Hammond is appointed Assistant Division Engineer.

December 2, 1789 - Rev. Joshua Crosby settles in Enfield, the town's first minister.

December 2, 1991 - The first controlled deer hunt on Quabbin takes place in Pelham amidst protests from animal rights activists.

December 3, 1873 - Construction of the Athol and Enfield Railroad completed. The line, known affectionately to locals as the 'rabbit run' because of it's frequent stops, was purchased by the Boston & Albany Railroad in 1880.

December 7, 1984 - The Quabbin Visitor Center, located in the Administration Building at Quabbin Park in Ware, is opened. The Friends of Quabbin is the organization instrumental to the Center's existence.

December 15, 1944 - William W. Peabody ends service as Division Engineer.

December 16, 1935 - Richard R. Bradbury becomes Senior Civil Engineer

December 27, 1934 - Davis B. Keniston ends tenure as Chairman of Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission

December 28, 1934 - Eugene C. Hultman takes over as Chairman of MDWSC, replacing Davis B. Keniston.

December 28, 1938 - Contract for the manufacture of three miles of precast pipe to be used to connect the Wachusett and the Norumbega Reservoirs is awarded. The pressure aqueduct begins in Marlborough and ends in Weston.

December 31, 1734 - A land grant is issued by the Massachusetts' General Court allowing for the creation of the Township of New Salem, which was founded in 1735 and settled in 1737. A fire in 1856 destroyed all town records up to that time.

December 31, 1924 - The Post Office in Prescott closes.

* * *

Tuesday, February 20, 2007

Westfield Athenaeum Federal Art Project Poster (1937)

This poster from 1937 advertises an art exhibit hosted at the Westfield Athenaeum and sponsored by the Federal Art Project. The Federal Art Project was a jobs program administered by the Works Progress Administration (WPA), an agency created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in May of 1935 as part of his New Deal for America. Interestingly enough, the WPA controlled a major building and highway construction effort along with the art project. At one time, before the WPA's abolishment by Congress in 1943, the program was the biggest employer in the country. Hmm. Art and highways. That explains the abstract designs of some of our New England roads.


Photo source: Work Projects Administration Poster Collection, Library of Congress, Digital ID: cph 3f05280 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3f05280

Camp Bartlett, Westfield, Mass. (1917)

Camp Bartlett was the jumping-off point for many American troops of the 26th Division heading over to France to fight in World War I. It was located on Southampton Road, on a strip of land that had previously served as the original 'airport' in Westfield, first utilized for that purpose on July 13, 1914, by a Pawtucket, RI, pilot named Jack McGee in a Wright Brothers biplane. According to the Barnes Airport website, McGee "...was hired by local merchants to drop tickets from the biplane which could be redeemed for prizes." So...Not only did he get to make the first historic flight over Westfield, he got some entertainment out of it, as surely the townspeople must have been swarming like ants at a picnic below him, trying to claim a ticket or two. I remember a similar experience as a boy growing up in Westfield, when the Easter Bunny pelted all of the kids gathered below with chocolate eggs from a helicopter hovering over Smith Field. Who knew a bunny could be so accurate?

103rd U.S. Infantry Camp, Camp Bartlett, Westfield, Mass., Sept. 11th, 1917 (A. F. Orr)

103rd U.S. Infantry, Drill Field, Camp Bartlett, Westfield, Mass., Sept. 12th, 1917 (A. F. Orr)

As always, thanks for stopping by and take care.


Photo One: American Memory, Library of Congress, Digital Id: pan 6a31058 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a31058
Photo Two: American Memory, Library of Congress, Digital ID:
pan 6a30351 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a30351

Monday, February 19, 2007

The 'Silent Cal' Variety Show


From the Presidents Day Sampler Department...

For all of you 'Silent Cal' fans out there here is a link to a film blandly titled, 'President Harding and Calvin Coolidge,' from the American Memory Collection at the Library of Congress that is summarized on their website as:

"Various scenes of the official notification ceremonies held on July 22, 1920 for Warren G. Harding, selected as the Presidential candidate by 17th Republican National Convention and Calvin Coolidge, selected as the Vice Presidential nominee."

The film was shot in various locations in 1920 and comes in three seperate downloads. It includes footage of Coolidge in Northampton and Vermont, as well as glimpses of Harding's wife, Florence, and his father, George. Henry Cabot Lodge and William Hays, Republican National Committee chairman at the time, also make appearances.

source: http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/
papr:@field(NUMBER+@band(trmp+4131s3))

Sunday, February 18, 2007

The Tobacco Cure

And you were always told smoking is bad for you...


Source: American Memory Collection, Library of Congress, Boston, 18??, DIGITAL ID rbpe 08201700 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbpe.08201700

Local News Sources

Greenfield:


The Recorder

"Your Online Information Source." ~~From the Recorder web site.

http://www.recorder.com/


* * * * *


North Adams:


The North Adams Transcript

"Voice of the Northern Berkshires." ~~From the Transcript web site.

http://www.thetranscript.com/


* * * * *


Northampton:


Northampton Media

"We endeavor to provide a one-stop-shopping location for fans of Northampton-centric news, and feature original reporting as well as links to the best content being produced by a host of local and regional media outlets." ~~From the Northampton Media web site.

http://northamptonmedia.com/


* * * * *


Springfield:


The Dread Report

Regional, National and Global news, blogs, opinion and much more...

http://flashbulbnews.com/index.html#


MassLive.com

"With News and Classifieds from the Republican." --From the MassLive web site.

http://www.masslive.com


* * * * *


Regional:


An Afro-American Point of View

"Our online community newspaper." --From the POV web site.

http://afampointofview.com


The Berkshire Eagle Online

A newspaper that "Welcomes You to the Berkshires." --From the Eagle web site.

http://www.berkshireeagle.com


Local Buzz

Local Entertainment and More!

http://www.masslive.com/localbuzz



"Connecting You to the Community Since 1962." --From the Reminder web site.

http://www.thereminder.com


Home of the "Best of the Valley" and the "Best of Springfield Reader's Poll(s)"

http://www.ctnow.com/custom/nmm/valleyadvocate


* * * * *


Connecticut:


The Hartford Courant

"The oldest continuously published newspaper in America." -- From the Courant web site.

http://www.courant.com


* * * * *


Massachusetts:


The Boston Globe

"For breaking news and updated Globe stories..." --From the Globe web site.

http://www.boston.com/news/globe


Worcester Telegram & Gazette

http://www.telegram.com/apps/pbcs.dll/frontpage


* * * * *


Television Stations:


3 (CBS)

"Springfield's New Choice for Local News." --From the 3 web site.

http://www.cbs3springfield.com


22 WWLP (NBC)

"Local News, Weather & Sports for Western Massachusetts and Northern Connecticut." --From the WWLP web site.

http://www.wwlp.com


40 WGGB (ABC) - 6 (FOX)

"Local News and Top Headlines." --From the WGGB web site.

http://www.wggb.com


57 WGBY (PBS)

"Public Television for Western New England" --From the WGBY web site.

http://www.wgby.org


* * * * *


Updated: January 17, 2010

'Springfield Present and Prospective (1905), The Visible Charm: As It Was, Is, And May Be,' Excerpt I


Here is another excerpt from 'Springfield: Present and Prospective,' a book written by prominent city fathers at the turn of the 20th century, published in 1905 by Pond & Campbell Publishers, and printed and engraved by F. A. Bassette Co., a company that still calls Springfield home. This segment is the beginning of the first chapter: 'The Visible Charm: As It Was, Is, And May Be,' written by Eugene C. Gardner.

Leave it to me to start a project in the middle, but the seventh chapter of the book, titled 'The Story of Springfield' and co-authored by Alfred M. Copeland and Edwin Dwight, has been completely transcribed and is now available for perpetual perusal here on EWM. Here is the link: 'Springfield Present and Prospective, The Story of Springfield' (Pond & Campbell 1905). There are some cool photo links scattered throughout the text, as well.

Anyway. Here is this week's segment. Enjoy:

I. Looking Backward

1. Nature's Legacy

Some cities are born beautiful, like Naples, some achieve beauty, like Washington, and some have beauty thrust upon them, like St. Petersburg, which would have been a great dismal swamp today but for the stubborn will of the first great autocrat of Russia.

If Springfield is not already one of the most beautiful cities in America, it is not for lack of noble birth, for it was beautifully born. Conceived in sunshine and brought forth in verdure, the little old house on the west side of the river, which two and a half centuries ago was the germ of the present city, a helpless, solitary infant, resting on the bare but nourishing bosom of mother Earth and rocked in the cradle of the fertile valley, was even then surrounded by rare and wonderful charms.

Sweeping and swinging between bluffs and forests, the clear water of the river mirrored brilliant pictures of the clouds above, of the graceful elms along its banks, and likewise of Indians, squaws and little papooses who had never heard of 'civic centers of municipal art' nor of scientific public sanitation, but by unerring instinct, selected for their mundane hunting grounds the spots where the grass was the greenest, the water the purest, the trees the most stately and sturdy. Then as now there were mountains round about, which gave a sense of permanency and solemn grandeur without which it is almost impossible to be deeply conscious of a well-established local habitation. We need these lofty barriers, not to mark the visual line that girts us round as the world's extreme and shut us in from the outer universe like Rasselas in his Happy Valley, but as our dwellings must have solid walls and sheltering roofs to localize and intensify the love of home. Domestic life even in frozen, barren Scandinavia is far superior to that of the fleeting Arabs on their level plains.

Here the sun sends down his morning salutation from over the Wilbraham hills and we lift our eyes for his evening benediction to the Green mountain peaks that have tumbled out of Vermont across Berkshire and Western Hampden; while at the north, craggy, crumbling Mount Tom, gray and hoary, but capped by giddy games and crowned with gilded coronet, like a too complaisant Cyclops, still lies between us and the wintry winds that rend his northern side but lose their sharpest sting before descending the southern slope.

Whether we climb to the top of the four-square arsenal tower, grim type and reminder of the 'power that fills the world with terror,' or seek the lofty but narrow point of view that for nearly a century has crowned Mount Orthodox across the river, steadfast, heaven-pointing emblem of the divine gospel of peace, our first emotion is that of surprise; our first impression that a veritable miracle has been wrought and, not all the kingdoms of the earth, indeed, but a measureless map of marvelous beauty has been suddenly unrolled at our feet. Seen from the streets of our city, from the bluffs on either side or from the cars that bind us to the rest of the world, neither the arsenal tower nor the spire of the West Springfield church appears to rise conspicuously above the surrounding landscape, but standing on or near their summits we seem to be lifted above the earth into the regions of the upper air.

After the first surprise at the extent and beauty of the view, the next thought is of wonder and self-reproach, that all our lives, perhaps, we, dullards that we are, have been living and moving in the midst of this delightful environment, oblivious or indifferent to the rarest charms of Nature, the richest combination of river and sky, bluffs and meadows, forests and mountains, too grand and gracious to be permanently defaced even by our clumsiest mistakes. Beyond question it was a goodly heritage, and Springfield must be counted among the cities that were born beautiful.

But these unadorned natural charms like those of infancy and childhood were doomed to suffer changes. The experimental and erratic methods of civilization soon compelled our eager ancestors to assail this perfect picture of Nature's faultless fashioning, and into the midst of her irreproachable work, where use and beauty are never at a variance, to introduce their own bald utilities with little thought beyond the stern necessities of each day and generation. There must be graded roads in place of the blazed and winding trails; bridges above the treacherous fords. Simple cottages and stately mansions with gardens and cultivated fields established themselves where wigwams and huts had hidden in the forest glades. The silent canoe disappeared before the screech of the locomotive, the flashing trolley and the puffing steamer. There must be room for public squares and parks; monuments and statues for our heroes, jails and gallows yards for our criminals. The thick black breath of chimneys darkens the sky which the thin smoke of the aboriginal domestic altars never reached. Huge factories and business blocks make narrow canyons of the old forest aisles. There are churches and saloons, police courts and labor unions, trusts and telephones, armories and schools. All of these with innumerable additions and variations determine and display the external life, the outside picture of the City of Springfield. And each and every one of these features, large and small, forms a thread, dark or light, a band of color, a conspicuous and beautiful decoration, or an uncouth disfigurement on the web we have woven and shall keep weaving as successive generations rise and fall, while the city which never grows old, but, humanly speaking, lives forever, becomes larger and more beautiful every year.

Chapter continued: 'I. Looking Backward, 2. From Center to Circumference.'

Saturday, February 17, 2007

Just What the Doctor Ordered

Springfield got some great news yesterday with Baystate Medical Center's announcement of the $259 million upgrade and expansion of its North End campus.

According to a Republican article on MassLive.com:

"The expansion would provide 200 construction jobs and permanent jobs for 50 doctors and 500 staff members, including nurses, technicians and physician's assistants. About 3,800 people work at the medical center, which sits on nearly 54 acres in the city's North End."

500 new staff members? Nice. You go Baystate!

On a sad note for old-building buffs, Springfield street's 1920's era Porter-Harris building will be razed to make way for the new digs. And the digs is big. Replacing the old bricks will be a building eight-stories high, with nearly 600,000 square feet of walking-around room.

And you thought getting around the hospital was an adventure now!

If everything goes as planned, the construction will begin late next year or early 2009, with completion slated for 2012.

The Republican article noted that Baystate is the only hospital in Western Massachusetts that performs open- heart surgery. Medicine has sure come a long way from the days of this announcement of February 16, 1910:




Source: American Memories Collection, Library of Congress, Boston, 1910, DIGITAL ID rbpe 0790430b http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbpe.0790430b



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Digitized History: Online Archives


American Memory from the Library of Congress

"American Memory provides free and open access through the Internet to written and spoken words, sound recordings, still and moving images, prints, maps, and sheet music that document the American experience. It is a digital record of American history and creativity. These materials, from the collections of the Library of Congress and other institutions, chronicle historical events, people, places, and ideas that continue to shape America, serving the public as a resource for education and lifelong learning." --From the American Memory web site.

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html


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Archiplanet

"Buildings, and people. We use buildings, make them, design them, damage them, love them. Archiplanet is a community-constructed collection for all the buildings, building users, and building creators on planet Earth." --From the Archiplanet web site.

http://www.archiplanet.org/wiki/Main_Page


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Digital Amherst

"Utilizing the historical and literary resources of the Jones Library of Amherst, Massachusetts, in collaboration with area residents and scholars, this site celebrates Amherst's 250th anniversary through images, multimedia, and documents that reflect the independent spirit of our people, creative works, and culture." --From the Digital Amherst web site.

http://www.digitalamherst.org/


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Digital Commonwealth: Massachusetts Collections Online

"The Digital Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a portal to the rich cultural heritage held in museums, historical societies, colleges, libraries and other cultural repositories in Massachusetts. From this site you can search or browse the digital collections of member institutions throughout the state for manuscripts, images, historical documents, and sound recordings. The portal provides you with enhanced access and retrieval of information. Digital Commonwealth is currently developing a repository service that will be available to its members as a hosting option for digital content." --From the Digital Commonwealth web site.

http://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/


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Digital Treasures...a Central and Western Massachusetts Digital Library Project

"Digital Treasures is a cooperative digital library project conceived and designed by the Central/Western Massachusetts Resource Sharing library network and the Central & Western Massachusetts Regional Library Systems." --From the Digital Treasures web site.

http://dlib.cwmars.org/index.php


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Early Americas Digital Archive

"The Early Americas Digital Archive is a collection of electronic texts originally written in or about the Americas from 1492 to approximately 1820." --From the EADA web site.

http://www.mith2.umd.edu/eada


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Harvard University Library

"A Selection of Web-Accessible Collections." --From the Harvard University Library web site.

http://digitalcollections.harvard.edu/


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The Internet Archive

"The Internet Archive, a 501(c)(3) non-profit, is building a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form. Like a paper library, we provide free access to researchers, historians, scholars, and the general public." --From The Internet Archive web site.

http://www.archive.org/index.php


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LoveToKnow Classic Encyclopedia

"This LoveToKnow Classic Encyclopedia project works to bring to you the renowned 1911 Edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica." --From the project web site.

http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Main_Page


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Making of America from Cornell University Library

"Materials accessible here are Cornell University Library's contributions to Making of America (MOA), a digital library of primary sources in American social history from the antebellum period through reconstruction. The collection is particularly strong in the subject areas of education, psychology, American history, sociology, religion, and science and technology. This site provides access to 267 monograph volumes and over 100,000 journal articles with 19th century imprints. The project represents a major collaborative endeavor in preservation and electronic access to historical texts." --From the MOA web site.

http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/moa


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Massachusetts Archives

"The Massachusetts Archives holds the official records created by Massachusetts state government. Holdings are organized by agency and date from 1629 to the present." --From the Massachusetts Archives web site.

http://www.sec.state.ma.us/arc/arcidx.htm


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The Massachusetts Historical Society

"The Massachusetts Historical Society (MHS) is a major research library and manuscript repository. Its holdings encompass millions of rare and unique documents and artifacts vital to the study of American history, many of them irreplaceable national treasures. A few examples include correspondence between John and Abigail Adams, such as her famous "remember the ladies" letter; several imprints of the Declaration of Independence; and the pen that Abraham Lincoln used to sign the Emancipation Proclamation." --From the MHS web site.

http://www.masshist.org/welcome


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Massachusetts Newspapers, MA Board of Library Commissioners

"Residents of Massachusetts can search the full-text (including back issues) of several Massachusetts newspapers from their homes or offices." --From the library web site.

(Must have a valid Massachusetts library card.)

http://mblc.state.ma.us/books/magazine/newspapers.php


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Memorial Hall Museum Online, American Centuries...View from New England

"American Centuries features a digital collection of approximately 2000 objects and transcribed document pages from Memorial Hall Museum and Library. An image of each of these items appears on an Item Page accompanied by interpretive text available on age-appropriate levels. Museum staff authored the text content with review by teachers, school librarians, and nationally recognized scholars." --From the Memorial Hall Museum web site.

http://memorialhall.mass.edu/home.html


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NYPL Digital Gallery

"NYPL Digital Gallery provides access to over 550,000 images digitized from primary sources and printed rarities in the collections of The New York Public Library, including illuminated manuscripts, historical maps, vintage posters, rare prints and photographs, illustrated books, printed ephemera, and more." --From the NYPL web site.

http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/index.cfm


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Project Gutenberg

"Project Gutenberg is the first and largest single collection of free electronic books, or eBooks. Michael Hart, founder of Project Gutenberg, invented eBooks in 1971 and continues to inspire the creation of eBooks and related technologies today." --From the Project Gutenberg web site.

http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Main_Page


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Research Centers at the Library of Congress

http://www.loc.gov/rr/research-centers.html
Prints and Photographs Online Catalogue

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The State Library of Massachusetts, Digital Collections

"The State Library has a small but growing collection of digitized items." --From the SLM web site.

http://archives.lib.state.ma.us/


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The United States Geological Survey Photographic Library

"This site is designed to provide free viewing and downloading of the entire USGS photographic collection." --From the USGS web site.

http://libraryphoto.cr.usgs.gov/


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The United States National Archives and Records Administration

"Of all documents and materials created in the course of business conducted by the United States Federal government, only 1%-3% are so important for legal or historical reasons that they are kept by us forever.

Those valuable records are preserved and are available to you, whether you want to see if they contain clues about your family’s history, need to prove a veteran’s military service, or are researching an historical topic that interests you." --From the National Archives web site.

http://www.archives.gov/


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Page updated: June 5, 2012



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